Physical features of india's
Introduction:-
#Those are different land from found in India :-
→ The Himalayan Mountain.
→ The Northern Plains.
→ The Peninsular Plateau.
→ The Indian Desert.
→ The Coastal Plains.
→ The Island.
# Major Physiographic Divisions:-
* Himalayan Mountains:-
-> These are the young fold mountain stretches from Jammu&Kashmir in the left two Arunachal pradesh in the right in India.
-> It stretches our 2400 km which is 400 km wide in Kashmir and 150 km wide in Arunachal Pradesh.
-> It has an average height of 6000 ft.
-> Mount Everest is the height peak Himalayan Ranges of about 8842 m situated in Nepal.
-> Kanchanjanga is the highest peak in India of about 8598 m.
-> It is the source of Important rivers of India - Ganga , Gandak etc.
-> The Himalayan Ranges experience very extreme climatic condition with heavy snow fall etc.
# Classification of Himalayan Ranges :-
→Himadri :-
★ The average height of Himadri Himalayan ranges it about 6000 m.
★ It is also called "The great or Inner Himalayas".
★The main rock found in the Himadri ranges is granite.
→Himachal :-
★The average height of Himachal in Himalayan ranges is from 3700 m to 4500 m.
★ It is also called "The lesser Himalayas".
★The main rock found here is alterd rocks.
→Shivalik:-
★ It is also called"The lower Himalayas".
★ The average height ranges from 900 m in the 1100 m.
★ The major soil compound of shivaliks ranges is alluvium soil.
# Classification of Himalayan Ranges on the basis of river Basin:-
→Purvanchal :-
-»The Purvanchal Ranges of the Himalayan ranges lies to the seven sister of india state.
-»It consists of smaller hilly region such as Patka hills, Naga hills and Mizo hills.
# The Northern Plains :-
–› Bhavar region.
–› Terai region.
–› Bhangar region.
–› Khadar region.
‡ The Northern Plains :–
* The Northern Plain is formed three major rivers Ganga, Brahmputra,Indus.
* It is made up of alluvium soil.
* It recieves very good rainfall hence, results in production of abundant crops.
* Northern Plain is 2400km long and its width various from 240 km to 320 km.
* On the basis of river it is divided into three parts:–
# The punjab plains made up of Indus river.
# The ganga plain made up of ganga and its tributaries.
# The brahmputra formed of due to flow of Brahmputra river.
* On the basis land forms and soil contents Northern plain it divided into four part.
–› Bhabar Region :-
★ Its breadth various form of 8 to 12 km.
★ It is mainly made up of many stones which are called pebbles.
–› Terai Region :-
★ Its breadth also various form 6 to 12 km.
★ It is marsy region covered with dense sal forest.
–› Bhangar Region :-
★ This region is made up of alluvium soil.
★ Bhangar is the largest region on the Northern Plain having a breadth about more than 100 km.
★There are many stones found in this region which are known as Kankar.
–› Khadar Region :–
★ In this region no stones are found-
★The land of Khadar Region is very much fertile.
★ It is very suitable for the healthy growth of the crop. As it contains fine particles of alluvium soil.
# The Peninsular Plateau :–
–» The Peninsular India is surrounded by water in three sides, bay of bangal in the east,Arabian sea in the west and Indian ocean in the south.
–» Because of Narmada river divided into two parts:– The Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.
–» The Central Highland is surrounded by Aravali hills in the North-west and Vindhya range in the south and Northern Plains in the east.
–» The Decan Plateau is surrounded Coastal Plains in the east and west and Satpura ranges in the South.
–» In the Central Highlands there are two Rivers :— Chambal and Betwa which flows in the direction South west to North east.
–» The Chambal river divides the Central Highland into two parts :- Malwa Plateau and Chota Nagpur plateau.
–» The Deccan Plateau is covered by western ghat in the west and eastern ghat in the east.
–» Heigth of western ghat is more than eastern ghat which various from 900-1600 m to 600 m in the east
–» Because of the above point flows of river in the deccan plateau is formed west to east.
#The Indian Desert
→It is also called That desert. →The rainfall at these places is very low of about 150mm annual rainfall.
→It lies towards the western margine of Aravali hill.
→The desert land is covered with sand dunes called barchains.
→ Luni is the only large river in this region.It has Arid climate with low vegetation cover.
# Coastal Plains :–
> Stretch of narrow coastal strips at the margine of peninsular area. →This strips of land wins alongs the Arabian sea on the west and the boy of bengal in the east. It is divided into town pary: The western coastal Plains and The eastern coastal Plains.
* Western Coastal Plain :–
-> It is a narrow plain sandwiched between western ghat and Arabian sea it is divided into three parts :-
»Konkan plain [Mumbai to Goa] »Kannad plain [Karnataka Region] »Malabar coast {Kerala}
* Eastern coastal Plain :–
–› The coastal area that are wide and level along the bay of bengal.
→ It is divided into two parts The Northern Circar and The Coromandel coast.
→ River such as :- Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, kaveri from delta on eastern coast.
* The Island groups of India :-
★Lakshadweep :-
• Group of Island line closed
to the Malabar coast in the Kerela.
• It is composed of small coral Island.
• Earlier it was known as Minicoy and Amindivi which was renamed as Lakshadweep island In 1973.
• It covers a small area 32 square km.
• The main headquator of these island is Kavratti.
★Andaman and Nicobars-
• Alongated chain of island in Bay of
Bengal.
• The entier group is divided in the two parts :- Andaman in the North and Nicobar in the South.
• It experience is equatorial climatic condition with thick forest cover.class
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